I have an answer: they replaced the main control unit. It is located in the dashboard under the steering wheel.Fantastic. Thank you for being so helpful!
Unfortunately, he won't be back at the garage until Tuesday, otherwise he could have given me the exact name and reference number.
We're on our way to north-east Norway on Sunday and I don't know if I'll receive his message in the next few weeks or if I can post it here. We won't be back until 6 July. But maybe this message will help.
What else can I say? All the ‘minor’ error messages that appeared sporadically, sometimes for longer, sometimes for shorter periods, and which I simply ignored, have disappeared since then. The volume control in the centre console is also working again (this also occurred sporadically, but always worked on the steering wheel).
A not entirely serious comparison: as in the movie TRON, it is probably the MCP (Master Control Program) that is enslaving the entire system.

Master Control Program ;-)