On December 23, 1954, identical twin brothers Ronald and Richard Herrick underwent the first successful human organ transplant when Dr. Joseph Murray and his team performed a kidney transplant in Boston. This achievement led to further study on immunosuppression and earned Murray the Nobel Prize. This was the first successful total organ transplant from one living person to another, setting the stage for contemporary transplant surgery and
Before Surgery Wishes and Prayers including Christiaan Barnard's first heart transplant in 1967, notwithstanding earlier skin grafts and experimental techniques.
Important Information on the Initial Transplant
Joseph E. Murray is the surgeon.
Date: 23 December 1954.
Kidney transplantation is the procedure.
Donors and Recipients: Richard and Ronald Herrick, identical twin brothers.
Location: Boston, Massachusetts' Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (now known as Brigham and Women's Hospital).
Significance: Due to the twins' genetic similarity, there was very little rejection, demonstrating the viability of full organ transplantation and igniting studies on immunosuppression for non-identical donors.
Predecessors and Subsequent Developments
Initial Attempts: Thyroid transplants (1883) and skin grafts (19th century) were among the organ transplantation attempts made before to 1954.
Tissue Rejection: Leo Loeb's early research emphasized genetic variations, and Peter Medawar's study on tissue rejection was essential for success.
Beyond Kidneys: The first successful heart transplant took place in 1967, and liver transplants followed in the late 1960s (Thomas Starzl).
Legacy
For his groundbreaking research, Joseph Murray was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1990.
Controlling rejection and extending transplants to a larger variety of organs and patients were made possible by the 1954 transplant.